"Lipoic acid, also known as alpha lipoic acid and thioctic acid, serves as a coenzyme in the energy-production process in the cells. It activates the glycolitic cycle, which provides quick bursts of energy for intense exercise. Under optimal conditions, the glycolytic cycle can also recycle lactic acid, reducing muscle fatigue. Lipoic acid is a powerful antioxidant which possesses the special ability to efficiently recycle other potent antioxidants such as Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and glutathione. Researchers consider lipoic acid a universal antioxidant which effectively creates an antecedent network for optimal protection against from radicals scientific studies conducted in Europe have shownlipoic acid to have a special affinity for the liver."