Alpha lipoic acid is involved in energy production. Lipoic acid works together with vitamin E and vitamin C to protect the entire cell from oxidative stress.As an antioxidant it is a very small molecule that is efficiently absorbed and easily crosses cell membranes. Alpha lipoic acid is both fat and water soluble, so it can quench free radicals both inside and outside the cell. It also directly recycles vitamins C and glutathione and indirectly recycles vitamin E.

Alpha lipoic acid is an approved drug in Germany for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy (nerve disease). Several double-blind studies have shown lipoic acid supplementation (300 to 600 mg daily) does improve diabetic neuropathy. Lipoic acid’s primary effect in improving diabetic neuropathy is thought to be the result of its antioxidant effects. However, it has also been shown to lead to an improvement in blood sugar metabolism, improves blood flow to peripheral nerves, and actually stimulate the regeneration of nerve fibers. Its ability to improve blood sugar metabolism is a result of its effects on glucose metabolism and an ability to increase insulin sensitivity.

Experiments in new born rats shows that alpha lipoic acid may prevent cataract formation.

Although the body does make alpha lipoic acid, supplementation is advised because the body uses the available alpha lipoic acid for metabolic function with very little left over for antioxidant function.

Alpha Lipoic acid is known by a variety of names, including thiotic acid, lipoic acid, and 1,2 dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, the most commonly used name, being lipoic acid.